Table 2 Differential metabolites and their expression trends in the meat of Metapenaeus ensis subjected to different thermal processing methods (A/R: air frying Vs. raw; B/R: boiling Vs. raw; D/R: drying Vs. raw; F/R: frying Vs. raw)
| Â | Metabolite ID | Metabolite Description | HMDB accession number | VIP | P-value | expression trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A/R | B/R | D/R | F/R | ||||||
Organic acids and derivatives(36) | |||||||||
1 | pos-M281T194 | Val-Tyr | HMDB0029139 | 3.517295 | 0.000227174 | - | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
2 | pos-M251T78 | gamma.-Glu-Cys | HMDB0001049 | 2.515954 | 0.000466363 | - | ↓ | - | - |
3 | pos-M130T85 | D-Pyroglutamic acid | HMDB0000805 | 2.832624 | 3.28E-09 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
4 | pos-M303T154 | His-Phe | HMDB0028892 | 3.893056 | 0.0000523 | - | - | - | ↓ |
5 | pos-M278T56 | N-(1-Deoxy-1-fructosyl)proline | HMDB0038493 | 3.826521 | 0.000167599 | ↑ | - | ↑ | ↑ |
6 | pos-M280T77 | N-(1-Deoxy-1-fructosyl)valine | HMDB0037844 | 3.824806 | 0.0000791 | ↑ | - | ↑ | ↑ |
7 | neg-M147T61 | 2-Hydroxyglutarate | HMDB0059655 | 2.647204 | 0.001956772 | - | ↓ | - | - |
8 | neg-M160T82 | A-Ketoglutaric acid oxime | HMDB0002467 | 2.758638 | 0.000218082 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
9 | pos-M281T205 | Aspartylphenylalanine | HMDB0000706 | 2.909102 | 0.000427015 | ↑ | - | - | ↑ |
10 | pos-M262T78 | Glycyl-Tryptophan | HMDB0028852 | 2.575511 | 0.009908846 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
11 | pos-M245T213 | Isoleucyl-Leucine | HMDB0028911 | 2.562367 | 0.003037217 | - | ↓ | - | - |
12 | neg-M226T83 | L-Glutamic acid 5-phosphate | HMDB0001228 | 2.537033 | 0.000000217 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
13 | neg-M160T54 | N-Acetylthreonine | HMDB0062557 | 2.325882 | 0.000766083 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
14 | pos-M267T196 | Phe-Thr | HMDB0029005 | 2.298770 | 0.016791928 | - | - | ↑ | ↑ |
15 | pos-M187T54 | Prolyl-Alanine | HMDB0029010 | 2.386668 | 0.003055325 | - | ↓ | - | - |
16 | pos-M244T193 | Prolyl-Glutamine | HMDB0029015 | 2.937133 | 0.000165253 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
17 | pos-M104T54 | 2-Aminoisobutyric acid | HMDB0001906 | 2.027016 | 0.00156877 | ↓ | - | - | - |
18 | neg-M144T83 | 2-Keto-glutaramic acid | HMDB0001552 | 2.391904 | 0.00000464 | - | - | ↑ | - |
19 | pos-M251T153 | Cys-Glu | HMDB0028774 | 2.174239 | 0.000157235 | - | - | ↑ | - |
20 | pos-M260T93 | Ile-Gln | HMDB0028905 | 3.221620 | 0.000124587 | - | - | ↓ | - |
21 | pos-M130T71 | L-5-Oxoproline | HMDB0000267 | 2.206657 | 0.000520492 | - | - | ↑ | - |
22 | pos-M197T207 | L-alpha-Amino-1H-pyrrole-1-hexanoic acid | HMDB0040551 | 2.802419 | 0.005042178 | - | - | - | ↑ |
23 | pos-M213T197 | L-prolyl-L-proline | HMDB0011180 | 4.060335 | 0.00000795 | - | - | - | ↑ |
24 | pos-M260T99 | Lys-Leu | HMDB0028955 | 2.605790 | 0.001085557 | - | ↓ | - | - |
25 | pos-M275T38 | Lys-Lys | HMDB0028956 | 2.632416 | 0.030269103 | - | - | - | ↓ |
26 | pos-M146T49 | N-(2-Carboxymethyl)-morpholine | HMDB0061156 | 2.044387 | 0.020470775 | ↑ | - | - | - |
27 | pos-M313T221 | Phe-Phe | HMDB0013302 | 3.460640 | 0.000160663 | - | - | - | ↓ |
28 | pos-M217T54 | Pro-Thr | HMDB0029027 | 3.396402 | 0.000185799 | - | - | ↓ | - |
29 | pos-M247T154 | Prolyl-Methionine | HMDB0029023 | 2.202231 | 0.0000462 | ↓ | - | - | - |
30 | pos-M380T112 | S-Lactoylglutathione | HMDB0001066 | 2.903910 | 0.000956635 | - | - | ↓ | - |
31 | neg-M117T93 | Succinic acid | HMDB0000254 | 2.286981 | 0.000680629 | ↑ | - | - | - |
32 | pos-M217T77 | Thr-Pro | HMDB0029069 | 2.099305 | 0.015708347 | ↑ | - | - | - |
33 | pos-M181T83 | Tyrosinamide | HMDB0013319 | 2.439634 | 0.004385724 | - | - | - | ↑ |
34 | pos-M182T182 | Tyrosine | HMDB0000158 | 3.481277 | 0.000252041 | - | - | - | ↑ |
35 | pos-M261T136 | Ile-Glu | HMDB0028906 | 3.299520 | 3.24E-06 | - | ↓ | ↓ | - |
36 | pos-M295T204 | Tyr-Leu | HMDB0029109 | 2.925137 | 0.012455797 | ↓ | - | - | - |
Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogs (9) | |||||||||
37 | neg-M323T55 | Uridine 5'-monophosphate | HMDB0000288 | 2.498117 | 0.012354629 | - | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
38 | neg-M342T200 | 5'-Methylthioadenosine | HMDB0001173 | 2.472665 | 0.001314762 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
39 | neg-M266T97 | Adenosine | HMDB0000050 | 2.638001 | 0.028597527 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
40 | pos-M330T107 | Adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate | HMDB0011616 | 2.573587 | 0.012226252 | ↑ | - | - | ↑ |
41 | pos-M269T61 | Inosine | HMDB0028892 | 2.205113 | 0.01964185 | - | ↓ | - | - |
42 | neg-M462T137 | Adenylosuccinic acid | HMDB0001049 | 2.358284 | 0.000330001 | - | ↓ | - | - |
43 | neg-M346T75 | AMP | HMDB0000045 | 2.172848 | 0.000926586 | - | ↑ | - | - |
44 | pos-M385T87 | S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine | HMDB0001066 | 2.989662 | 0.000299787 | - | ↓ | - | - |
45 | neg-M283T107 | Xanthosine | HMDB0000536 | 2.134844 | 0.039637191 | - | ↓ | - | - |
Organoheterocyclic compounds(12) | |||||||||
46 | pos-M212T90 | 2-Methoxy-3-methyl-9H-carbazole | HMDB0033456 | 3.401727 | 0.000000646 | ↑ | - | ↑ | ↑ |
47 | neg-M128T83 | dimethadione | HMDB0061093 | 2.962194 | 0.000000025 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
48 | pos-M137T81 | Hypoxanthine | HMDB0013302 | 2.639071 | 0.000152873 | - | ↓ | ↓ | - |
49 | neg-M122T77 | Picolinic acid | HMDB0028956 | 3.163665 | 4.17E-08 | - | ↓ | ↓ | - |
50 | neg-M204T85 | 4,6-Dihydroxy-2-quinoline carboxylic acid | HMDB0033528 | 3.150373 | 0.0000302 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
51 | pos-M124T78 | Isonicotinic acid | HMDB0029139 | 2.837591 | 0.000325282 | - | - | ↓ | ↓ |
52 | pos-M362T187 | Levofloxacin | HMDB0001929 | 2.789535 | 0.0000972 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
53 | pos-M123T117 | Niacinamide | HMDB0001406 | 2.239265 | 0.000158563 | - | - | ↑ | ↑ |
54 | pos-M256T84 | Pranoprofen | HMDB0041996 | 3.489513 | 0.00916788 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
55 | pos-M206T88 | Xanthurenic acid | HMDB0000881 | 2.167961 | 0.000653975 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
56 | pos-M180T241 | 2,3-Dihydro-5-(3-hydroxypropanoyl)−1H-pyrrolizine | HMDB0040021 | 2.015738 | 0.00121221 | - | - | - | ↑ |
57 | pos-M207T198 | Phenylmethylglycidic ester | HMDB0031729 | 2.725673 | 0.00141574 | - | - | - | ↑ |
Lipids and lipid-like molecules(9) | |||||||||
58 | pos-M321T355 | 20-Hydroxyarachidonic acid | HMDB0028906 | 2.501567 | 0.0000627 | - | ↓ | ↓ | - |
59 | pos-M171T483 | cis-2-Decenoic acid | HMDB0010726 | 3.768158 | 0.002237758 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
60 | pos-M167T93 | Ethyl 2-furanacrylate | HMDB0041611 | 2.522476 | 0.000895996 | - | - | ↑ | - |
61 | pos-M218T203 | L-Propionylcarnitine | HMDB0000824 | 2.228541 | 0.001284314 | - | - | ↑ | - |
62 | pos-M260T54 | Osmaronin | HMDB0032769 | 2.808046 | 0.012201765 | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
63 | pos-M416T285 | 3-Hydroxyhexadecanoylcarnitine | HMDB0013336 | 2.124827 | 0.004219488 | ↑ | - | - | - |
64 | neg-M329T256 | 9,10,13-TriHOME | HMDB0004710 | 2.603779 | 0.026807143 | - | - | - | ↑ |
65 | pos-M232T199 | Acylcarnitine 4:0 | HMDB00736 | 2.245259 | 0.000170256 | - | - | ↑ | - |
66 | pos-M274T231 | Acylcarnitine 7:0 | HMDB13238 | 2.004592 | 0.00040652 | - | - | ↑ | - |
Other Compound(13) | |||||||||
67 | pos-M123T80 | Benzoic acid | HMDB0001870 | 3.512246 | 1.85E-08 | ↑ | - | ↑ | ↑ |
68 | pos-M104T46 | Choline | HMDB0059655 | 2.605208 | 0.00000372 | - | ↓ | - | - |
69 | pos-M257T132 | 1-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)−1,4-dihydronicotinamide | HMDB0011648 | 2.940796 | 0.000106089 | ↑ | - | - | ↑ |
70 | pos-M207T285 | (2RS,5RS)-(E)−2-(2-Phenylethenyl)−1,3-dioxan-5-ol | HMDB0031973 | 2.893937 | 0.002444538 | - | - | - | ↑ |
71 | pos-M165T70 | 2-Coumaric acid | HMDB0028892 | 2.219534 | 0.023882713 | ↓ | - | - | - |
72 | pos-M191T46 | 6-Formylumbelliferone | HMDB0002641 | 2.066962 | 0.035457572 | ↓ | - | - | - |
73 | neg-M275T56 | 6-Phosphogluconic acid | HMDB0001316 | 2.219752 | 0.025573083 | - | - | ↑ | - |
74 | neg-M288T257 | Benzoylecgonine | HMDB0029139 | 2.336143 | 0.00785373 | - | - | ↓ | - |
75 | pos-M160T49 | Calystegine A6 | HMDB0031345 | 2.189580 | 0.010892646 | ↑ | - | - | - |
76 | pos-M213T233 | Carbanilide | HMDB0032066 | 2.568854 | 0.00336194 | ↑ | - | - | - |
77 | neg-M267T126 | Coumesterol | HMDB0002326 | 2.798114 | 0.0000762 | - | - | ↑ | - |
78 | pos-M242T196_1 | Mefenamic acid | HMDB0014922 | 2.841846 | 0.025916844 | - | - | - | ↑ |
79 | pos-M295T115 | Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate | HMDB0094679 | 2.122377 | 0.011095086 | ↑ | - | - | - |