Fig. 4

Screening of the DAMs. A The top 15 upregulated DAMs and the top 5 downregulated DAMs according to the fold change value. B The top 20 DAMs by the VIP value. C Volcano plot of differential metabolites. L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine (a), 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (b), 3,24-dihydroxy-17,21-semiacetal-12(13)oleanolic fruit (c), heptadecanoic acid (d), 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl acetic acid (e), p-aminobenzoic acid (f), and N-formylmethionine (g) are labeled in the volcano plot