Table 3 In vivo investigations of okra against DM and CD.

Powder

Peel and seed

-

100 and 200 mg/kg

Rats

-

✓

STZ

Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic

β-cells, insulin secretion and release, insulin sensitivity

(Sabitha et al., 2011)

Methanol

Seed

Isoquercetin and

quercetin-3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-glucoside

1 mg/mL

-

✓

-

-

Antidiabetic

α-Glucosidase, selectively inhibited rat intestinal maltase and

sucrase

(Thanakosai & Phuwapraisirisan, 2013)

Aqueous extract

Pods

Rhamnogalacturonan

200 mg/kg b.w/day

Rats

-

✓

STZ

Hypoglycemic effect

-

(Wu et al., 2020)

Powder

Dried okra

Flavonoids, phenolic acids

200 mg/kg/day

Rats

-

✓

STZ

Antihyperglycemic effect

Improve glucose homeostasis, β-cells impairment

(Majd et al., 2018)

Ethanol

extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water

Fruit

Quercetin, triterpenoids

200, 107, 6, and 86 mg/kg b.w

Rats

-

✓

STZ-NA

Antidiabetic Activity

Pancreatic beta cells, inhibition of

aldose reductase enzyme

(Herowati et al., 2020)

Aqueous and methanolic

Seed

Phenols, terpenoids

200 mg/kg, p.o.

Mice

-

✓

Scopolamine

Nootropic activities

-

(Doreddula et al., 2014)

Aqueous

Fruits

Polysaccharides

600 mg/kg

Mice

-

✓

Aβ_1–42

Cognitive function, antidiabetic and antiobesity activity in AD mice

-

(Yan et al., 2020)

60% aqueous ethanol

Fruits

Flavonoids

100 and 300 mg/kg

Kunming mice

-

✓

Aβ_1–42

Cognitive impairment, AD neuroinflammation.

BDNF

(Yan et al., 2021)

Ethanol

Pod

Catechin epicatechin procyanidin B1 and B2 quercetin and rutin

60 mg/kg/mL by p.o.

Mice

-

✓

Dexamethasone

Neuroprotective, memory function

-

(Tongjaroenbuangam et al., 2011)

Powder

Root

Quercetin

1600 mg/kg b.w

Rats

-

✓

Repeated noise

Cognitive function

-

(Samad et al., 2020)