Fig. 5
Depicts the molecular mechanism of okra and DM. Abbreviations: ÂÂÂÂÂ↑= Increase, ↓=Decrease, DM= Diabetes mellitus, PPAR=Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, IRS=Insulin receptor, PI3K=Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, AKT=protein kinase B, MAPK=Mitogen-activated protein kinase, FA=Fatty acids, GS =glycogen synthase, ROS = Reactive Oxygen Species, RNS = Reactive Nitrogen Species, LPO= Lipid peroxidation, GSK3β=Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, ERK=Extracellular signal-regulated kinases, HO-1=Heme Oxygenase 1, GLUT4 = Glucose transporter type 4, GSK3β = Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Bcl-2=(B-cell lymphoma 2), Nrf2=nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2, Glucose -6-P=Glucose 6-phosphatase, mRNA =Messenger RNA, MDA=Malondialdehide, NMDA=The N-methyl-D-aspartate, Aβ=Amyloid beta, GSH=Glutathione, SOD=Superoxide dismutase, pGSK3β=Phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β