Table 3 Antioxidant activity of different compounds bioactive of Litchi chinensis

Pericarp

A-type procyanidin

Ethanol 70% at 50 °C for 2 h

Purification by AB-8 macroporous resin column

In vivo

Male Sprague–Dawley rats

IC₅₀ 9.34 µg/mL DPPH

IC₅₀143 µg /mL Hydroxyl radical (-OH)

(Sui et al., 2021)

(-)-epicatechin

Procyanidin

Ethanol 70% in a water bath at 70 °C and Purification AB-8 resin column

In vitro

IC₅₀ 0.148–0.364 µg/mL Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

IC₅₀ 23.03–56.01 µg /mL Superoxide radical (O2-)

IC₅₀ 7.3–14.8 µg /mL DPPH

IC₅₀ 162.6–350.6 µg/mL Hydroxyl radical (OH)

(Zhou et al., 2019)

4-hydroxycinnamic acid,, 3,4-dihydroxy-cinnamic acid, and proanthocyanidin A2

Ultrasonic-microwave, power 307 W, time 17 min, temperature 46 °C, and material.liquid and biotransformation by Lactobacillud plantarum

In vitro

IC₅₀ 2.86 µg /mL DPPH

IC₅₀ 4.16 µg /mL ABTS

40.88 umol TE/mg DW ORAC

(Liu et al., 2023)

Procyanidin A2, B2

epicatechin, rutin, quercetin, ( +)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate

The freeze drying,

continued in a saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution at pH 10 at 60 °C

In vitro

IC₅₀ 0.68 µg/mLDPPH

IC50 0.83 µg /mL ABTS

(Yang et al., 2022)

Pulp

Uronic acid

Galactose

Mannose

Ethanol 80% at 4 °C for 24 h

In vitro

22.08 – 28.14 umol TE/g DW ORAC

4.72 – 10.79 µmol QE/ g DW Celular antioxidant activity

(Huang et al., 2015)

Epicatechin, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, and A-type procyanidin trimer

Lyophilized, 70% aqueuos methanol by sonication for 30 min

In vitro

IC₅₀ 1.88 – 2.82 µg/mL DPPH

IC₅₀ 1.52 – 2.71 µg/mL ABTS

(Lv et al., 2015)

Seed

Flavonoids, terpenoids, tannis, saponins, and alkaloids

Ethanol 30% at 4 °C for 72 h with occasional shaking

In vitro

IC₅₀ 274 µg /mL DPPH

IC₅₀ 31 µg/mL ABTS

(Aktar et al., 2022)

Polymeric proanthocyanidins

Acetone 70% with 0.1% ascorbic acid

In vitro

IC₅₀ 87.52 µg/mL DPPH

IC₅₀ 73.56 µg /mL ABTS

5.51 mmol AAE/g FRAP

(Zhou et al., 2011)